“慢撒气”化解房企风险怎么做？中国多部委释放信号******
(经济观察)“慢撒气”化解房企风险怎么做？中国多部委释放信号
中新社北京1月11日电 (记者 庞无忌)2023年，防范化解房地产市场风险被视为中国楼市调控政策的重中之重。住房和城乡建设部部长倪虹近日表示，以“慢撒气”的方式，稳妥化解房企资金链断裂风险。“慢撒气”怎么做？这对房地产企业来说意味着什么？
对于2023年的房地产工作，倪虹近日表示，概括起来是三句话：增信心、防风险和促转型。其中，针对化解房企风险，倪虹指出，以“慢撒气”的方式，稳妥化解房企资金链断裂风险。重点是增加房企开发贷、并购贷和购房人的按揭贷，满足合理融资需求。
广东省城规院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉认为，“慢撒气”实际上指的是在不发生重大系统性风险的前提下，让存量风险有序释放，“去腐生肌”。这个过程中可能会有阵痛，但这是由旧模式向新模式过渡必须承担的成本。
针对房企风险，金融监管部门也作出部署。中国央行、银保监会日前联合召开的主要银行信贷工作座谈会明确，要有效防范化解优质头部房企风险，实施改善优质房企资产负债表计划。其中提到，聚焦专注主业、合规经营、资质良好、具有一定系统重要性的优质房企，开展“资产激活”“负债接续”“权益补充”“预期提升”四项行动。
李宇嘉指出，会议释放的信号很清晰，就是要对优质的、稳健经营的房企积极纾困。会议提及的四项行动，其实也是监管部门总结出资金可以投入，并能安全退出的四种类型，这也将是修复房企资产负债表的四种渠道。未来，机构进场推动收并购、资产重组，或者扶持优质房企，也是从这四个渠道进行。
这四项行动包含哪些内容？
上海易居房地产研究院研究总监严跃进表示，资产激活意味着要把房地产企业的各类资产盘活，包括待开发的土地和待出售的房产、预售资金的加快回笼、资产证券化的加快推进、REITs等产品的加入等。负债接续包括负债展期、债转股、出售资产以清偿债务等工作。权益补充意味着后续要鼓励各类优质企业积极做战略投资者。预期提升则主要通过减少企业违约、调整销售目标等方式，修复投资者对于房企预期，促进“金融-房企-销售市场”等渠道的顺畅。
值得注意的是，加大支持力度并不等于房企可以“等靠要”。李宇嘉提醒，今年相关政策倾向也督促出险企业放弃幻想，断臂求生，以适宜的价格，尽快出让股权和项目。
在新的发展模式下，58安居客房产研究院分院院长张波认为，优质的头部房企、“三道红线”绿档房企、提前部署拿地未来有货可卖的房企以及聚焦主航道、稳扎稳打不激进的房企将迎来更大的发展机会。而前期发展脚步迈得太大，或是产业布局过于多元化的企业，容易出现资金问题，最终难在经济产业升级转型的大潮中深耕下去。
当然，房地产业链条环环相扣，要化解房企风险最终还需要整体市场的预期回暖、销售恢复，企业才能恢复“造血”功能。这就需要保交楼、增信心。
李宇嘉指出，今年，保交楼可以说是没有任何商量余地的任务，一定要夯实房企的主体责任、地方支付的属地责任。对房企来说，需要放弃过去“高举高打”、寻求短期暴利的经营模式，要顺应国家对于房地产新模式的方向，积极参与保障性租赁住房、城乡融合、区域开发等建设，谋求未来可持续的、细水长流的收益。(完)
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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
